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The walking and crash victim and survivor communities support the intention of this bill and its amended substitute that was passed in subcommittee. Pedestrian fatalities in Virginia were at al all time high in 2019 (126 people), and just three less in 2020 during the reduced driving of the pandemic. Serving on the VA DMV pedestrian safety task force, I have learned that many pedestrians killed are over 50 years old and are likely to move slower than average. Speeding is also on the rise, up 12.5 percent in 2020 continuing a multi-year trend. If we are to expect fast drivers to stop for pedestrians, they must be seen well in advance of crossing. The study will likely find that crosswalks in their various forms can be higher visibility than the traditional double line type without costing much more money as they are implemented across the Commonwealth.

HB 1841: On behalf of City Council and continuing the dialog with the bill patron I share some thoughts with a goal to find a good way forward to address constituent safety concerns as well as the locality's design, safety guidelines and costs not covered in the state’s proposed budget. A few recommendations: • Refer this legislation for a one year data driven study, by VDOT, multi-modal industry research entities, users and localities, to determine best cyclist and pedestrian approach as other alternatives such as road diets, bump outs, and bike lanes can have a larger impact than just crosswalks • Ensure full state funding for any state mandated code change for maintaining crosswalks • If HB1841 proceeds, without a study or adequate state funding, then at minimum amend the language to “may”, “highly visible”, “major maintenance” and retain option for “brick material in historic and streetscape design districts when consistent with highly visible and color contrast standards”. Thanks you, Cindy Cindy L. Mester, ICMA-CM Deputy City Manager Pension Plan Administrator/ Risk Manager 300 Park Avenue, Suite 203E Falls Church, VA 22046 phone: 703-248-5042 (TTY 711) cell: 571-641-5586 fax: 703-248-5146 email: cmester@fallschurchva.gov

The City of Virginia Beach finds the language confusing, specifically referencing a “zebra pattern”. That is not an industry standard term. The City of Virginia Beach would be supportive of crosswalk designs only if they are in conformance with the federal MUTCD and Virginia State Addendum to the MUTCD, requirements. There is also high cost associated with this requirement when performing maintenance of the crosswalks. Phil Pullen, City Engineer and Phillip Koetter, Interim Director of Public Works

HB 1841 -City of Roanoke Comments in Opposition • While we strongly are committed to actions that improve pedestrian safety, we do not believe this bill is the correct approach. It attempts to prescribe technical standards that are more appropriately dealt with in VDOT technical guidance and the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD). The MUTCD defines the standards used nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devices on all public streets, highways, bikeways, and private roads open to public traffic. • Crosswalks are typically designed and installed on the basis of engineering judgment using the MUTCD for information on the design aspects of crosswalk pavement markings, pedestrian signals, and signage. We believe this process has served us well and do not support changes to that process. • Roanoke has been using the ladder or continental stripe crosswalk in many but not all locations. We consider zebra to be the same but the diagram below from San Francisco Streets implies zebra is different. A more precise definition is needed. This is the type of thing the MUTCD is designed to address. • Additionally, The U.S. Department of Justice now requires the installation or upgrade of curb ramps to include truncated domes when certain maintenance or alteration activities occur to include resurfacing the street. While we comply with that mandate, this bill as we interpret it would also require the addition of curb ramps if they don't exist or an effort to upgrade or retrofit an existing ramp with domes. "Warning surface tiles" needs to be better defined as ADA requirements refer to "truncated domes". We assume we are talking about the same things. • Federal legislation also specifies that the truncated domes have to be of a contrasting color. We use red typically while VDOT uses yellow and we would suggest that on a concrete sidewalk, both colors provide sufficient contrast for a person with a vision impairment. We do not believe it is prudent to legislate the specific color. • There are 150 existing striped pedestrian crosswalks citywide - about 25% of which are zebra stripe high visibility installations and have red truncated domes at the sidewalk transition per ADA standard. To retrofit the remaining 75%, cost would be about $1000 each using the pre-formed burndown thermoplastic = total of approximately $112K. , Ongoing maintenance of all 150 crosswalks would be about $30K per year since the pre-formed thermoplastic only lasts about 5 years. • From Transportation's perspective, zebra stripe, high visibility crosswalks with ADA required truncated domes are both prudent investments to improve pedestrian safety. However, due to the potential cost of the curb ramps and domes, there is a risk that cities could decide to not install crosswalks.

HB 1841 -City of Richmond Comments in Opposition • We believe crosswalks and other traffic controls are best designed and installed on the basis of engineering judgment using the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD) as a resource. The MUTCD defines the standards used nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devices on all public streets, highways, bikeways, and private roads open to public traffic. This process has served us well and do not support changes to that process. • The zebra style crosswalk is extremely expensive and difficult to place in the field as it is angled. The angled zebra pattern makes maintenance of traffic and other installation measurements more difficult and time consuming. We no longer use this style and when we do install a crosswalk for controlled crossing conditions it is the continental design. • By mandating more expensive styled crosswalks, it reduces the number of crosswalks that can be installed and maintained. We have a goal that we are STILL trying to achieve. We have uniformity goal with our 480+ signalized intersections and school zones to see the continental style crosswalk deployed. Funding has been the issue. • In many circumstances a two transverse only parallel lines for crosswalk is more than adequate on most of our city streets (e.g. uncontrolled intersections in Carver or the Fan or any two-lane intersection in the grid). • The continental costs approximately 2 times the cost of transverse only crosswalks. Zebra style crosswalks are more expensive to install than continental (4 times the cost of transverse) with fewer benefits. We reserve the more expensive continental style for our signalized intersections where there are the most conflicts between vehicles and people crossing the street as well as our school zones. • From an environmental perspective, the material used is thermoplastic. As more material is used, the thermoplastic ends up in the Chesapeake Bay due to runoff. The zebra style uses the most material versus transverse or continental. • We do not want to remove crosswalks but would have to make a decision if passed as read: do we upgrade or remove? Unfortunately, many would have to be removed due to costs. • Lastly, the American with Disabilities Act already mandates the curb ramps and detectable warning surfaces; therefore, we see no need for its inclusion in this bill. It is also important to note that the red DWS is more expensive than the yellow.

Virginia FIrst Cities Coalition surveyed our 16 member cities and overwhelmingly from those we heard from the sentiment was to oppose HB 1841. Our members are vitally concerned with pedestrian and motorist safety and are acutely aware of the FHWA standards that work best. Here are but a few of the reasons VFC member gave for opposition to HB1841: From an environmental perspective, the material used is thermoplastic.  As more material is used, the thermoplastic ends up in the Chesapeake Bay due to runoff.  The zebra style uses the most material versus transverse or continental. Zebra crosswalks are not compatible in old and historic districts (Norfolk). Every locality has the ability to use FHWA marking standards that are the most effective. The City of Norfolk, for example, has determined that their double pair bar type crosswalk is the most visible to motorists. Mandating a third type of crosswalk will lead to a confusing array of crosswalks (Portsmouth) This would consume costly maintenance fees for the City, especially when the requirement for the tactile warning is already in the ADA guidelines. (Charlottesville) Specifying one crosswalk type removes the ability to differentiate between control types or high/low volume crossings. High visibility crosswalks cost more to install and maintain. Further regulating a highly regulated design component would limit our ability to use engineering judgement in the design of crosswalks or detectable warning surfaces and will increase installation and maintenance costs. It might also be in direct conflict with future regulations should they change due to studies favoring or discouraging certain design features in the future. (Newport News) This bill is in direct conflict with the City of Richmond's Vision Zero (increasing pedestrian and motor vehicle safety) goals. By mandating more expensive styled crosswalks, it reduces the number of crosswalks that can be installed and maintained.  We have a goal that we are STILL trying to achieve. We have uniformity goal with our 480+ signalized intersections and school zones to see the continental style crosswalk deployed. Funding has been the issue. The continental costs approximately 2 times the cost of transverse only crosswalks.  Zebra style crosswalks are more expensive to install than continental (4 times the cost of transverse) with fewer benefits. Zebra crosswalks expose construction workers to more traffic (and thus less safe) when installing than are continental. Finally, the wear pattern on zebra style is uneven compared to transverse lines or continental due to the angle the vehicle tires striking the markings. For all these reasons (ENVIRONMENTAL, SAFETY, COST) we urge you --- PLEASE DO NOT pass HB1841